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    高中英语语法:冠词

    冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种:定冠词、不定冠词、零冠词。一、...

    冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种:定冠词、不定冠词、零冠词。

    一、不定冠词的基本用法

    不定冠词用于单数可数名词之前,其中 a 用于以辅音音素开始的词前。而 an 是用于以元音音素前等, 不是元音字母开始的词前。

    如:a university,a useful tool,a computer,an orange,an hour,an 800-meter bridge

    1、与可数名词单数连用,表示类别。 例如:

    --I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard.

    --You shouldn't put drinks near a computer.

    2、泛指某人或某物, 表示“某一个”,相当于 a certain。 例如:

    --Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?

    --Sorry, wrong number. There isn't a Mr. Smith here.

    3、用于数量、时间等名词前,表示“每一(单位)的……”相当于 per。 例如:

    I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays.

    4、用于固定词组中。  例如:

    a knowledge of ,have a gift for,give sb. a ride,a couple of,have a good time,keep a diary,in a hurry,once in a while,at a loss,tell a lie,do sb. a favor。

    二、定冠词的基本用法

    1、用来特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。所特指的名词常被短语或定语从句所修饰。例如:

    Of all the reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father's advice was the most important one.

    2、指说话的双方都知道的人或事物。 例如:

    Don't worry if you can't come to the party. I'll save some cake for you.

    3、复述上文中提到的事物。例如:

    There is a shelf in my father's room. The shelf is new.

    4、用于单数可数名词之前,表示该类事物,相当于 a。例如:

    When you come here for your holiday next time, don't go to the hotel; I can find you a bed in my flat.

    5、序数词和形容词最高级前。比较级前若表示特指时也要用定冠词 the 。 例如:

    The cakes are delicious. He'd like to have a third one because the second one is rather too small.

    I want to chat with the taller of the two men.

    6、在表示方位、乐器的名词前。例如:

    Summer in the south of France is for the most part dry and sunny.

    play the piano, play the violin

    7、用于复数姓氏之前,表示“夫妇”或“全家”。例如:

    the Smiths

    8、表示世界上独一无二事物的名词前。例如:

    the sun,the moon,the earth,the world。

    9、用于由普通名词构成的专有名词、江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河及某些建筑物等名称前。 例如:

    According to the World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent the spread of AIDS. After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson a ride to the Capital Airport.

    10、在某些形容词之前,可表示某一类人。 例如:

    the rich,the poor,the old,the wounded,the living,the dead。

    三、不用冠词(零冠词)情况

    1、人名、地名(街名、广场名、公园名)、大学名、国名、病名前。 例如:

    Wang Fu Jing Street,Pei Hai Park 北海公园,Beijing University 但也可说 the University of Beijing。

    2、抽象名词表示一般概念时,一般不用冠词。例如:

    When you finish reading the book, you will have a better understanding of life.

    3、物质名词表示一般概念时,一般不用冠词。 例如:

    The warmth of the sweater will of course be determined by the sort of wool used.

    4、表示职位或头衔的抽象名词前,常不用冠词。但表示具体的人时,加 the 。例如:

    We will elect engineer Liu director of our factory. 类似的名词还有:president,monitor,headmaster,mayor 等。

    5、表示季节、月份、星期几、节、假日等表示时间的名称前,不用冠词。但我国的阴历节前要用the。例如:

    Children's Day,Women's Day,May Day the Spring Festival。

    6、三餐、学科名称、球类活动和棋类游戏的名称前,不用冠词。例如:

    play basketball,play chess。

    7、man 作“人类”讲时,同 human,mankind 一样不用冠词。例如:

    While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made a discovery, which completely changed man's understanding of color.

    8、by 与表示“通信、交通”的词连用,表示通信,交通手段时,不用冠词。例如:

    If you go by train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get a fast one.

    9、复数名词前不用冠词泛指类别。例如:

    It is often said that teachers have a very easy life.

    10、有些名词与介词搭配表示抽象意义,不加冠词,常作状语。例如:

    His daughter is always shy in public and she never dares to make a speech to the public.

    in surprise/wonder/danger/tears/comfort,in love with,under pressure,beyond expression 等。

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