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英语基础语法:动名词与不定式(一)

1. 动词不定式与动名词 1.1 动名词与不定式的区别:动名词表达的是:状态,性质,心境,抽象,经常性,已发生的。不定式表达的是:目的,结果,原因,具体,一次性,将发生的...

1. 动词不定式与动名词

1.1 动名词与不定式的区别:

动名词表达的是:状态,性质,心境,抽象,经常性,已发生的。

不定式表达的是:目的,结果,原因,具体,一次性,将发生的。

1.2 接不定式或动名词,意义相同。

1.3 常见动名词与不定式语义不同的有几组:

1 ) stop to do / stop doing

2 ) forget to do / forget doing

3 ) remember to do / remember doing

4 ) regret to do / regret doing

5 ) cease to do / cease doing

6 ) try to do / try doing

7 ) go on to do / go on doing

8 ) afraid to do / afraid doing

9 ) mean to do / mean doing

2. 动词不定式与动名词的形式变化

2.1 不定式  主动    被动

 一般 to write ; to be written

 进行 to be writing

 完成 to have written ; to have been written

 完成进行 to have been writing

2.2 动名词  主动  被动

 一般 writing ; being written

 完成 having written ; having been written

3. 动词不定式

3.1 动词不定式在句子中的作用

动词不定式是由 to + 动词原形构成,在句中起名词,形容词和副词的作用,可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。

3.1.1 动词不定式作主语:

To mast a language is not an easy thing. 掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。

To teach English is my favorite. 教英语是我的爱好。

It's my pleasure to help you. 很乐意帮助你。

动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面,而用 it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。

It's very kind of you to have given us much help. 你给了我们那么多的帮助真是太好了。

It's necessary to find the witness. 有必要找到目击者。

3.1.2 动词不定式作宾语:

某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语,这些动词有 decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask.

What I wish is to learn English well. 我所希望的是把英语学好。

I like to help others if I can. 如果有可能的话,我喜欢帮助别人。

3.1.3 动词不定式作宾语补语。

We expect you to be with us. 我们希望你和我们在一起。

Please ask him to come here quickly. 请叫他快过来。

3.1.4 动词不定式作表语:

What I should do is to finish the task soon. 我应该做的是赶快完成任务。

The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately. 当务之急是马上去找孩子。

3.1.5 动词不定式作定语:

There are many ways to solve the problem. 有许多方法能解决这个问题。

I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情要告诉你。

3.1.6 不定式作状语:

We went to the hospital to see our teacher. 我们去医院看了我们的老师。

She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower. 她在做试验,从一种西藏花中提取某种有用的药物。

3.2 动词不定式的否定形式:

not + to + 动词原形

The teacher told us not to swim in that river. 老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。

It's unfair not to tell us. 没告诉我们真是不公平。

3.3 带疑问词的不定式:

疑问词 who, what,which,when , where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面,构成不定式短语,使含义更加具体。

Where to go is not known yet. 去什么地方还不知道。

I don't know when to begin. 我不知道什么时间开始。

Can you tell me where to get the battery. 你能告诉我哪儿能买到电池吗?

Do you know how to get to the station. 你知道怎样去车站吗?

3.4 带逻辑主语的不定式:

动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语,构成方法是:for + 逻辑主语 + 不定式。

注意:逻辑主语用宾格形式,for 本身无实际意义,它只表明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语。

It's necessary for us to help each other. 我们互相帮忙是必要的。

There are much work for me to finish, 有许多工作要我去完成。

3.5 动词不定式的时态:

动词不定式一般时:表示动作和句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或之后发生。

I helped him put the things into the car. 我帮助他把东西放进了汽车。

I want to see you again. 我想再见到你。

Would you like to have a rest. 你愿意休息一下吗?动词不定式完成时:表示动作在句中谓语动词的动作之前发生。

We are sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 对不起,我们让你久等了。

They seems to have known the answers. 他们好像知道了答案。

动词不定式进行时:表示动作同句中谓语动词的动作同时发生,强调动作正在进行。

They seem to be working hard. 他们好像在努力工作。

3.6 动词不定式的被动形式:表示不定式动词同所修饰的名词是被动关系 。

He is the man to be examined. 他是受检查的人。

There are much work to be done. 有好多工作要做。

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