中考英语语法：动词正误辨析

［误］ She laid down and soon fell asleep.

［正］ She lay down and soon fell asleep.

［析］ 考试中常出现的是易混动词lay放，lie躺，lie说谎。它们的过去时、过去分词和现在分词变化如下：

lay (放) laid， laid， laying (及物动词)

lie (躺) lay， lain， lying (不及物动词)

lie (说谎) lied， lied， lying

［误］ Please rise your hand.

［正］ Please raise your hand.

［析］ rise 是不及物动词，其后不能接宾语，如：The sun rises in the east.而raise是及物动词。

［误］ I like to swim very much, but I don't like swimming this afternoon.

［正］ I like swimming very much, but I don't like to swim this afternoon.

［析］ like作为"喜欢"讲时，可以接动名词也可以接不定式，但接动名词时多表达一种习惯性动作。而接不定式则侧重于表达一次性、特殊性的动作。但要注意的是like 与would连用时则一定要接不定式，如：Would you like to go with me? 再有一点要注意的是，like作为介词"像"讲时，只能用分词作其宾语。

［误］ Stop! Did you listen to a strange voice?

［正］ Stop! Did you hear a strange voice?

［析］ hear的侧重点是听到、听见什么，而listen to 的侧重点为听的倾向，如：listen! Do you hear someone calling help?这样的词还有look与see。它们的侧重点也不同，look重于"看"的倾向，而see重于看见没看见。

［误］ Did you watch some film recently?

［正］ Did you see some film recently?

［析］ 英语中see 与 watch 各有不同的用处，see用于看电影、剧目，而watch用作看电视和看球赛。

［误］ Look. A beautiful lamp hanged from the ceiling.

［正］ Look. A beautiful lamp hung from the ceiling.

［析］ hang有两个含义，① "挂"，它的过去时与过去分词是hung， hung;② "绞刑"，这时它是规则动词，其过去式与过去分词则为hanged， hanged。

［误］ How long can I borrow this book?

［正］ How long can I keep this book?

［析］ "借"在英文中有三个词，① 借入，即borrow,如：May I borrow some books from the library?② 借出，如：I can lend my bike to you.③ 借多久要用keep, 因为borrow与lend都是截止性动词，而keep是延续性动词。如 How long can I keep it?

［误］ We have won your class.

［正］ We have beaten your class.

［析］ win是及物动词，其后面的宾语应是比赛、战争、奖品、奖金。而beat的宾语，应是人、队、班级等等，如：We won the game.

［误］ I left my key.

［正］ I forgot my key.

［正］ I left my key at home.

［析］ leave是"丢下"，其后一定要接地点状语，而forget其后不要接地点状语。

［误］ This dictionary spent me five dollars.

［正］ This dictionary cost me five dollars.

［析］ 英文中的"花费"有4个spend, cost, take 和 pay,其中spend 与pay所在句中的主语应为人，如：I spent two hours in doing my homework. I paid five dallars for the book.而cost与take的主语则是事物，如：It takes me two years to finish this book.

［误］ In summer I always sleep with the windows opened.

［正］ In summer I always sleep with the windows open.

［正］ I always sleep with the windows closed.

［析］ 要注意open是动词也是形容词，而close则要用其过去分词作形容词。

［误］ Please wait a minute. I'm having on my clothes.

［正］ Please wait a minute. I'm putting on my clothes.

［析］ 英语中的穿衣服要分状态，是什么样的穿着打扮，还是穿衣服的动作两类动词。表示穿着状态的词有have on, wear,在用法上have on不宜用进行时态，它多用一般时态，如：She has on a new school dress. 而wear则多用进行时来表示状态，如：She is wearing a new sweater.在表示动作的词中put on是常用的一词。dress用作动词当"穿衣"讲时其后宾语不应接衣物，而要接人，如：My children were very young they couldn't dress themselves.在表示穿着状态时用其过去分词当形容词，如：He is dressed in white.

［误］ The meat has gone badly.

［正］ The meat has gone bad.

［析］ 英语中go, get, become, turn作为转变时，其后接形容词，这时这些动词应被看作系动词。

［误］ The teacher said the earth moved around the sun.

［正］ The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.

［析］ 如果主句的谓语动词是现在时，其宾语从句可以是任何时态。如果是过去时，则宾语从句中的时态应与之呼应。但地球围绕太阳转是不随时间而变化的客观事实，所以还应用一般现在时态来表达。

［误］ I'll come to see you as soon as I'll be back.

［正］ I'll come to see you as soon as I am back.

［析］ 在状语从句中要用一般时来表示将来，如：I should tell him when he came back.

［误］ I want to know whether you come to my party tomorrow or not.

［正］ I want to know whether you will come to my party tomorrow or not.

［析］ 在宾语从句中则要用将来时表示将来的动作。要注意的是如果宾语从句中仍有状语从句时，依然要用一般现在时表示将来，如：I want to know if it rains tomorrow you'll come here or not.

［误］ What did you do at eight last night?

［正］ What were you doing at eight last night?

［析］ 在描述过去某一具体时刻的动作或从某时到某时一段时间内正在进行的动作要用过去进行时，如：I was washing clothes from eight till noon last Sunday

［误］ My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didn't go with them, because I have seen it before.

［正］ My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didn't go with them because I had seen it before.

［析］ 现在完成时与过去完成时的相同之处是其动作均开始于过去的某一点，它的差别在于该动作是截止到什么时候。如动作截止到现在用现在完成时；如动作截止到过去，用过去完成时。例如：I've learnt English for three years.(到现在为止)又如：Before I went to college, I had learnt English for three years. (动作截止到上大学那时，即截止于过去)